Análise evolutiva da morfologia e da irrigação do timo de javalis (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) / Evolutionary analysis of morphology and irrigation of the thymus of boar's (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)

Objetivou-se descrever comparativamente as artérias responsáveis pela irrigação dos lobos tímicos cervicais e torácicos dos javalis, determinando-se também as características morfológicas do referido órgão nessa espécie, a ponto de correlacioná-las evolutivamente com os demais representantes da família Suidae. Os lobos tímicos cervicais direito e esquerdo receberam ramos distribuídos pelas artérias carótidas comuns direita e esquerda e cervicais superficiais direita e esquerda e, por vezes, pelas artérias torácica externa esquerda e subclávia esquerda. Essa característica vascular foi mantida ao longo da evolução, estando presente em linhagens e raças mais recentes de suídeos. A irrigação dos lobos tímicos torácicos direito e esquerdo foi realizada predominantemente por ramos diretos e indiretos ipsilaterais e contralaterais das artérias torácicas internas direita e esquerda, e também por ramos da artéria subclávia esquerda. Ramos diretos das artérias cervicais superficiais direita e esquerda e ramos diretos da artéria torácica interna direita foram encontrados para o lobo tímico médio, sendo essa uma descrição única nessa espécie, o que demonstra uma característica evolutiva primitiva nesse ancestral.(AU)

The objective of this study was to comparatively describe the arteries responsible for the irrigation of the cervical and thoracic thymus lobes of Boars, also determining the morphological characteristics of this body in this species to the point of evolutionarily correlating them with other representatives of the Suidae family. The left and right cervical thymic lobes received branches distributed by common right and left, superficial right and left carotid arteries, and neck and, sometimes, the outer left chest and left subclavian arteries. This feature was vascular maintained throughout evolution and is present in more recent strains and breeds of swine. Irrigation of the right and left thoracic thymic lobes was performed predominantly by direct and indirect ipsilateral and contralateral branches of the right and left internal thoracic arteries and also by branches of the left subclavian artery. Direct branches of the right and left superficial cervical artery and right branches of the right internal thoracic artery were found for the average thymic lobe, this being a unique description in this species, demonstrating a primitive feature in this evolutionary ancestor.(AU)

Detección de Leishmania (V) guyanensis en ejemplares de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) recolectados en pecaríes de collar (Pecari tajacu) / Detection of Leishmania (V) guyanensis in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from Pecari tajacu

Resumen Introducción. En estudios previos se detectó la presencia de Leishmania infantum en Rhipicephalus sanguineus, lo cual planteaba la posibilidad de que R. sanguineus transmitiera la leishmaniasis a una variedad de huéspedes. Objetivo. Identificar Leishmania (Viannia) spp. en garrapatas recolectadas en animales silvestres de una zona endémica para leishmaniasis. Materiales y métodos. Se hicieron 81 extracciones individuales de ADN en las garrapatas recogidas de tres tapires o dantas (Tapirus terrestres) y tres pecaríes de collar (Pecari tajacu) cazados en Madre de Dios, Perú. Las garrapatas recolectadas se identificaron taxonómicamente y se prepararon para la identificación del cinetoblasto (kDNA) de Leishmania (Viannia) spp. mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), así como de la especie de Leishmania mediante PCR de fusión de alta resolución (High Resolution Melt, HRM). Resultados. Se detectó el kDNA de Leishmania (V) spp. en tres garrapatas silvestres de R. (Boophilus) microplus, Canestrini, 1888, recolectadas en un pecarí de collar cazado en la selva de Madre de Dios. El análisis mediante HRM-PCR evidenció que una de las muestras positivas de kDNA tenía una curva compatible con L. (V) guyanensis. Conclusión. Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de ADN de L. (V) guyanensis en R. (Boophilus) microplus, probablemente adquirida después de picar al pecarí. Es importante hacer nuevos estudios para aclarar la participación de R. (Boophilus) microplus en la transmisión de la leishmaniasis.

Abstract Introduction: Previous studies identified the presence of Leishmania infantum in Rhipicephalus sanguineus and indicated the possibility that it could transmit leishmaniasis to a variety of hosts. Objective: To identify parasites of Leishmania (Viannia) spp. in ticks collected from wild animals in an endemic area for leishmaniasis. Materials and methods: We performed 81 individual DNA extractions from ticks collected from three Tapirus terrestris and three Pecari tajacu in Madre de Dios, Perú. Ticks were taxonomically identified and they were subsequently prepared to identify Leishmania (Viannia) spp. kDNA by PCR and the species of Leishmania by HRM-PCR. Results: Leishmania (Viannia) kDNA was detected in three wild ticks of the species R. microplus, collected from a collard peccary (P. tajacu) hunted in the forests of Madre de Dios. The HRM-PCR showed that one of the positive samples had a kDNA curve compatible with L. (V) guyanensis. Conclusion: The results showed the presence of L. (V) guyanensis DNA in R. microplus possibly acquired after biting a collarde peccary. Therefore, it is important to design future studies to clarify R. microplus involvement in the transmission of leishmaniasis.

Collared Pecary (tayassu tajacu) as a new model of renal ischemic injury induced by clamping the renal artery

PURPOSE: The use of the collared peccary as an experimental model for ischemic nephropathy. METHODS: A total of 12 collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) was used and ischemic nephropathy was induced in six of these animals that constituted the experimental group (G1) while the other six formed the control group (G2). Ischemic nephropathy was induced surgically by partial occlusion of the left renal artery. The disease course was assessed by hematological tests, serum chemistry, urinalysis, ultrasound (US) and doppler ultrasound function of the renal artery before induction, and at five, 10, 15 and 20 days after surgery. Twenty days after the occlusion, unilateral nephrectomy and histopathological examination were performed to assess renal morphology. RESULTS: Statistical analysis by Fischer's test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the control group and the experimental group. The histopathological examination showed glomerular, tubular and interstitial lesions. In the experimental group, 83.3% (5 /6) showed moderate renal lesions and only 16.7% (1/6) were classified with no lesions. The ultrasound examination of the right kidney presented statistical difference between day 5 and day 10 post occlusion. CONCLUSION: The collared peccary as a good experimental model for ischemic renal disease, because it could be manipulated during the research time without death, with health conditions that permit any subsequent procedure for disease therapy. .

Histologia do funículo espermático do cateto (Tayassu tajacu) / Histology of the spermatic cord of boar (Tayassu tajacu)

Introdução - O estudo dos aspectos histológicos dos funículos espermáticos do cateto (Tayassu tajacu), adultos, procura melhor conhecer a morfologia do aparelho reprodutor. Material e Métodos - Para a descrição histológica utilizou-se seis pares de funículos corados com hematoxilina-eosina, picrosirius, Tricômico de Masson, Tricômico de Mallory, reticulina de Gordon e Verhoeff. Resultados e Conclusões - Observou-se que os componentes acham-se envolvidos por delgada camada de tecido conjuntivo denso recoberto por mesotélio. Sob esta cápsula, encontra-se tecido conjuntivo frouxo e tecido adiposo. Entre os componentes, há tecido conjuntivo frouxo intervascular com algumas arteríolas, vênulas e linfáticos, com predomínio de fibras colágenas e algumas elásticas e reticulares. A artéria testicular ao percorrer o funículo espermático se apresenta sinuosa com o diâmetro pouco variável, encontrando-se totalmente rodeada pelas veias do plexo pampiniforme; constituída por túnica interna: endotélio com delimitada membrana elástica limitante interna; túnica média: espessa camada de musculatura lisa é sustentada por rica e ordenada rede de fibras reticulares; túnica externa: a adventícia formada de tecido conjuntivo com fibras colágenas, muitas fibras elásticas e reticulares que se continuam com o tecido conjuntivo frouxo intervascular e com a adventícia das veias. As veias testiculares, que constituemo plexo pampiniforme, mostram lumens irregulares, são desprovidas de válvulas e a túnica média é formada por fibras musculares lisas apoiadas em irregular rede de fibras reticulares. O ducto deferente encontra-se na periferia do funículo espermático.

Introdution - A histological study of spermatic cords of the adult wild boar (Tayassu tajacu) for a better knowledge of the morphology of the reproduction apparatus. Methods - A histological study of 6 spermatic cord pairs stained with hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius, Mason, Mallory, Gordon and Verhoeff was used. Results and Conclusions - It was observed that its components were enveloped by a thin layer of dense conjunctive tissue covered by a mesothelium capsule. Under the capsule there was connective tissue and adipose tissue. Among the components there is a loose intervascular tissue with some arterioles, venules and lymph capillaries with predominance of colagen fibers and some elastic and reticular fibers. The testicular artery who going through the espermatic cord presents itself with the diameter little variable being thoroughly surrounded by the veins of the pampiniform plexus; consisting of an inner layer: endothelium with limiting elastic inner membrane; middle layer: the thick layer of smooth musculature which is supported by a rich and tidy net of reticular fibers; outer layer: the adventitia made up by the connective tissue with colagen fibers, many elastic and reticular fibers which have a continuation with the loose connective intervascular tissue and with the adventitia of the veins. The testicular veins which constitute the pampiniform plexus shows irregular lumens and are destituted of valves, and the middle layer is formed by smooth muscular fibers sustained in irregular net of reticular fibers. The vas deferens is located at the periphery of the spermatic cord.